Cambyses II Books
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Baker Academic (01 February 1997)Price: $27.85 -
Routledge (01 May 2006)Price: $25.70 -
Routledge (18 January 2010)Price: $106.18 -
Oxford University Press, USA (11 October 2007)Price: $340.67 -
Algora Publishing (02 November 2007)Price: $23.95
Definition
Cambyses II was the son of Cyrus the Great and King of Persia from 530 BC to 522 BC.
It was quite natural that, after Cyrus had conquered the Middle East, Cambyses should undertake the conquest of Egypt, the only remaining independent state in that part of the world. Before he set out on his expedition, he killed his brother Bardiya (Smerdis), whom Cyrus had appointed governor of the eastern provinces.
In the decisive battle at Pelusium the Egyptian army was defeated, and shortly afterwards Memphis was taken. The captive king Psammetichus was executed, having attempted a rebellion. The Egyptian inscriptions show that Cambyses officially adopted the titles and the costume of the Pharaohs.
His forces invaded the Kingdom of Kush without any breakthrough successes. Another expedition against the Siwa Oasis failed likewise. Cambyses II's plan of attacking Carthage was frustrated by the refusal of the Phoenicians to operate against their kindred.
According to Herodotus 3.26, Cambyses sent an army to threaten the Oracle of Amun at the Siwa Oasis. The army of 50,000 men was halfway across the desert when a massive sandstorm sprang up, burying them all.
Meanwhile in Persia a man was trying to steal the throne, he shared the same name as Cambyses' brother, Smerdis, although it was later claimed by Darius, after he had killed him and claimed the throne for himself, that this was not in fact the genuine Smerdis but an impostor, a Magian named Gaumata, Smerdis having been murdered some three years previously. According to his successor Darius, Cambyses felt that victory was impossible and committed suicide. According to Herodotus, he died of an injury while mounting his horse on the way back to Persia.
It was quite natural that, after Cyrus had conquered the Middle East, Cambyses should undertake the conquest of Egypt, the only remaining independent state in that part of the world. Before he set out on his expedition, he killed his brother Bardiya (Smerdis), whom Cyrus had appointed governor of the eastern provinces.
In the decisive battle at Pelusium the Egyptian army was defeated, and shortly afterwards Memphis was taken. The captive king Psammetichus was executed, having attempted a rebellion. The Egyptian inscriptions show that Cambyses officially adopted the titles and the costume of the Pharaohs.
His forces invaded the Kingdom of Kush without any breakthrough successes. Another expedition against the Siwa Oasis failed likewise. Cambyses II's plan of attacking Carthage was frustrated by the refusal of the Phoenicians to operate against their kindred.
According to Herodotus 3.26, Cambyses sent an army to threaten the Oracle of Amun at the Siwa Oasis. The army of 50,000 men was halfway across the desert when a massive sandstorm sprang up, burying them all.
Meanwhile in Persia a man was trying to steal the throne, he shared the same name as Cambyses' brother, Smerdis, although it was later claimed by Darius, after he had killed him and claimed the throne for himself, that this was not in fact the genuine Smerdis but an impostor, a Magian named Gaumata, Smerdis having been murdered some three years previously. According to his successor Darius, Cambyses felt that victory was impossible and committed suicide. According to Herodotus, he died of an injury while mounting his horse on the way back to Persia.
Articles
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The Battle of Pelusium in 525 B.C. was the decisive conflict between the Pharaoh Psametik III (also known as Psammenitus) and the Persian leader Cambyses II. Cambyses, upset that Psammenitus' father, Amasis, had sent him a `fake daughter' , decided to invade Egypt to avenge the insult. Cambyses had asked for Amasis' daughter for a concubine and Amasis, not wishing this life for his daughter, sent the daughter of the late king Apries. This woman, insulted, told Cambyses her true identity and Cambyses could not bear to be affronted by Amasis. By the time he mounted his campaign, however, Amasis had died and Psammenitus was Pharoah.
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